KARAGHTADIE (Karaghiagdatie, Kanaghkwase, Kuriahtaaty, Nicholas, Nickus), sachem of the Wolf clan of the Mohawks; probably born in the early 1700s at Canajoharie (Indian Castle, Herkimer County, N.Y.) and probably died there in March 1759.

Like most Mohawks, Karaghtadie sided with the British against the French during the last two colonial wars. On 21 March 1747 he received from William Johnson*, who was in charge of Indian participation in these conflicts, provisions to take out a war party. On 7 May 1747 Karaghtadie accompanied some 38 warriors headed by Theyanoguin. This expedition ended in disaster when it was ambushed near Montreal in mid-June by French forces under Louis de La Corne and Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre. Karaghtadie and some 14 others were captured. He remained a prisoner in Canada, first with the French and then with the Indians, probably the Hurons of Lorette, until August 1750.

While a captive, Karaghtadie, hoping to get his release, invited his Mohawk friends to come to Canada to confer with the French authorities about an exchange of prisoners. The French wished to negotiate a separate peace with the Indians, as they had formerly done. The British, however, insisted on negotiating for all prisoners, white and Indian, claiming in effect that the Indians were their subjects. Johnson managed to prevent a delegation of several chiefs and Karaghtadie’s wife and family from leaving for Canada in 1749. Their going, he said, would have been all that the French governor (Barrin de La Galissonière) could have desired. When Karaghtadie returned home in August 1750, after the French and English had finally reached agreement on the exchange of prisoners, he was angry and upset at having been allowed to languish in captivity, and it took three days of hard work by Johnson to restore his good humour.

Though winning considerable respect from his white neighbours in his many dealings with them, Karaghtadie made a grave mistake when in 1754 he was lured by John Hendricks Lÿdius* into signing a deed for land in the Wyoming valley of Pennsylvania. This rash act, done without the consent of the Six Nations council, set off years of strife in the valley.

Karaghtadie’s wife, Sarah, appears to have been head woman of the Mohawks, for their son Hans became the Tekarihoken or head chief, an office which descends through the female line. Sarah was not a woman to be taken lightly, even by her husband. In the summer of 1755, when Karaghtadie was being urged by an agent of Major-General William Shirley to join an expedition against Fort Niagara (near Youngstown, N.Y.), he hesitated. Finally he said, pointing to Sarah, “There is my wife . . . ask her Consent.”

The expedition against Niagara was cancelled, but on 8 Sept. 1755 many Mohawks, probably including Karaghtadie, took part in the battle against Dieskau’s forces at Lake George (Lac Saint-Sacrement), and a son of Karaghtadie was killed there.

In 1758 Karaghtadie journeyed to Pennsylvania where, with other deputies of the Six Nations, he helped put down the pretensions of Teedyuscung, a Delaware chief. Teedyuscung had denied the authority of the Iroquois over his tribe and at least twice had seemed to turn to the French in order to advance his cause. In Easton, at a conference culminating on 23 October, the Six Nations deputies made peace with Pennsylvania over the heads of their Delaware dependants, thus paving the way for the fall of Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh, Pa.) and British conquest of the west.

Karaghtadie was a Christian, and at least one of his children was baptized by an Anglican missionary, Henry Barclay. A daughter married George Croghan, the Pennsylvania trader and Indian agent, and their daughter became the third wife of Joseph Brant [Thayendanegea*].

Isabel T. Kelsay

N.Y. Hist. Soc. (New York), Henry Barclay, Register book, Fort Hunter 1734/35–[1745/46], 25 June 1741. Johnson papers (Sullivan et al.), I, 738; III, 162; IX, 18, 22–23, 39, 62–65, 600, 767; X, 43–48, 57–58; XIII, 113. NYCD (O’Callaghan and Fernow), VI, 527; X, 108–10. Pennsylvania, Colonial records, VIII, 175, 218. Pennsylvania archives, 1st ser., II, 174–76. [Charles Thomson], An enquiry into the causes of the alienation of the Delaware and Shawanese Indians from the British interest, and into the measures taken for recovering their friendship . . . (London, 1759), 178. P. A. W. Wallace, Conrad Weiser, 1696–1760, friend of colonist and Mohawk (Philadelphia, London, 1945), 350–63, 520–52.