LE SUEUR, JACQUES-FRANÇOIS, priest, Jesuit, missionary; b. 22 July 1685 or 24 Aug. 1686, probably in the diocese of Coutances, France; d. 28 April 1760 in Montreal.

Jacque s-François Le Sueur entered the Society of Jesus in Paris on 7 Sept. 1705. After his noviciate, completed in 1707, he taught until 1713, and then completed his philosophy and did two years of theology. He was ordained a priest in 1716 and sailed for Canada. bound for the Illinois country and from there to the Arkansas country. But he stayed in New France, “having learned at Quebec that difficulties had arisen concerning the setting-up of an establishment.”

After studying the Abenaki language for some months he was put in charge of the Saint-François-Xavier mission, near Bécancour. In 1721 Father Le Sueur received a visit from his fellow Jesuit, Father Charlevoix. He confided to the historian that his flock no longer had its original fervour and that he was often reduced to bemoaning before God the disorders caused by the spirits brought in by whites. While he ministered among the Abenakis, Le Sueur served as priest for the seigneury of Bécancour from 1718 to 1725 and from 1749 to 1753, “although he was not obliged to do so”; he also brought divine service to the parishioners of Sainte-Geneviève, in the seigneury of Batiscan, from 1727 to 1732 and from 1740 to 1741. Between times he called upon the Abenakis of the mission at Narantsouak (Norridgewock, now Old Point, Madison, Me.). Around 1734 he spent some time at the Abenaki mission of Saint-François-de-Sales (Odanak, Que.), according to the information contained in his short treatise, “Histoire du calumet et de la dance.” In this little work the missionary told of the attempts made to introduce among the Abenakis a dance that was practised by the Foxes and nearly all the Indian tribes of the pays d’en haut. He wondered whether he could honestly allow this idolatrous worship, since this dance was accompanied by a song the words of which constituted an invocation to the guardian spirit to keep away all sorts of evils and bestow all sorts of benefits.

In 1742 he was at the Jesuits’ residence in Montreal, serving as prefect of the congregation; in 1749 he held the office of missionary there. In 1756 he was again at the college in Quebec, where he held the post of confessor to the Indians and the religious of the community; it would appear that he had been living there since 1755. In July 1759, like many others, he left this besieged city to go to Montreal, where he died 28 April 1760.

Thomas-M. Charland

[J.-F. Le Sueur’s manuscript, which also contains sermons and instructions in Abenaki, is preserved in the Museum of the American Indian (New York) and was published in French under its original title, “Histoire du calumet et de la dance,” in Les soirées canadiennes, recited de littérature nationale (Québec), [IV] (1864), 114–35, and in English in a translation by R. P. Breaden under the title History of the calumet and of the dance (Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian, 12, no.5, New York, 1952). J.-A. Maurault in Histoire des Abénakis depuis 1605 jusqu’à nos jours (Sorel, Qué., 1866), 503–4, and others after him, such as J. C. Pilling, Bibliography of Algonquian languages (Washington, 1891), have incorrectly attributed to Le Sueur a dictionary of the roots of the Abenaki language. Charles Gill, in Notes sur de vieux manuscrits abénakis (Montréal, 1886), 16–19, has proven that Joseph Aubery was the author of this dictionary. The ASQ, mss, 71-a-1, contain Father Le Sueur’s “Catechismus prolixus de Baptismo et dissertatio christiana de justificatione ... apud Uanbanakaeos Nanransuakos,” 1730.  t.-m.c.]

AN, Col., B, 47, f.1206. Charlevoix, Histoire de la N.-F. (1744), III, 111–12. JR (Thwaites). Fernand Ouellet, “Inventaire de la Saberdache de Jacques Viger,” APQ Rapport, 1955-57, 78. É.-Z. Massicotte, Sainte-Geneviève de Batiscan (Pages trifluviennes, sér. A, 18, Trois-Rivières, Qué., 1936). Honorius Provost, Les Abénakis sur la Chaudière (Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, Qué., 1948), 13–14. Rochemonteix, Les Jésuites et la N.-F. au XVII^e siècle, III, 397–99; Les Jésuites et la N.-F. au XVIII^e siècle, I, 263. Olivier Maurault, “1742,” Cahiers des Dix, VII (1942), 171.