LABELLE, JEAN-BAPTISTE, musician, composer, teacher, and merchant; b. in September 1825 in Burlington, Vt, and baptized 13 Nov. 1825 in Montreal, son of Jean-Baptiste Labelle, a cartwright, and Marie Alain; m. first 9 July 1849 Sophie Porlier, a singer, in Chambly, Lower Canada; m. secondly 23 Oct. 1860 Marie-Eugénie-Henriette Morin at Quebec; d. 9 Sept. 1898 in Montreal and was survived by four sons and five daughters.

Jean-Baptiste Labelle received his musical training from renowned teachers: Joseph Bossu, dit Lyonnais, of Quebec, Leopold von Meyer, an Austrian pianist who toured North America between 1845 and 1847, and Sigismund Thalberg, a German or Austrian virtuoso with whom he took piano lessons in Boston from December 1856 to January 1867. He may also have studied in Europe some time between December 1856 and June 1857. The teaching of Meyer and Thalberg influenced his career as a pianist and composer. Labelle was probably the first Canadian soloist to perform abroad, on a concert tour of various cities in the United States and South America in October 1857. Some of his concert programs after 1856 include a piano fantasia of his own composition, which was probably an arrangement of music from operas by Bellini, Donizetti, and others, designed to arouse the emotions generally associated with the art of operatic singing.

Labelle’s preference for dramatic music is reflected as well in the programs of concerts in which he performed as accompanist for his wife Sophie Porlier, as well as for other singers, particularly between 1856 and 1860. It can also be seen in at least three cantatas he composed: La confédération, La conversion d’un pêcheur . . . , and La croisade canadienne. But Labelle also made his mark as a conductor. In 1861, for example, he conducted the Société Philharmonique Canadienne of Montreal, a group of 29 amateur and professional musicians that attracted considerable public attention on account of its size and classical training. On a more modest scale, but none the less important for the cultural life of the time, Labelle participated in many musical events of a patriotic nature, as well as benefit concerts.

In the field of sacred music he played a significant role as church organist from the age of 15 at Boucherville, at Chambly from 1846 to 1849, and at Notre-Dame in Montreal from September 1849 until 1891. Nothing is known of his training in church music except that he was a disciple of Vincent Novello, an English composer and publisher of Italian descent, whose sacred music he helped to make more widely known in Canada and whom he acknowledged as a model in his own composing. Labelle’s work Répertoire de l’organiste, published in 1851 and reissued in at least ten further printings, displays little originality in musical composition. But his intention of making accompaniment for masses, sequences, hymns, psalms, and motets more uniform was a laudable undertaking and probably ahead of its time. His second collection, Les échos de Notre-Dame, met with no success. The first edition of six “Motets . . . for the Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament,” which was published in 1887 with the promise of a sequel if it were well received, was also the last.

Like most professional musicians in the 19th century, Labelle was in demand as a music teacher. He taught at various stages in his career at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal, the Collège Sainte-Marie, the École Normale Jacques-Cartier, the Villa Maria and Mont-Sainte-Marie boarding-schools, the convent of Sainte-Anne in Lachine, and, towards the end of his life, the Collège du Mont-Saint-Louis. One obituary mentioned that he was “an extremely dedicated teacher.”

Despite the number and importance of the positions he held, Labelle’s income was probably not adequate to support his large family and to allow him to devote himself to composing anything except utilitarian or commissioned works. This doubtless explains why he became involved in selling pianos in 1855 and then in 1865 started Labelle et Rodier, which was located at 247 Rue Notre-Dame and specialized in the sale of pianos and sheet music. The firm seems to have disappeared around 1867.

Jean-Baptiste Labelle’s career illustrates well the demands on a professional musician in the latter half of the 19th century in Montreal, where proficiency, versatility, and dedication were all essential. Blessed with talent saluted by nearly 30 of Montreal’s best-known amateur and professional musicians at a benefit for him in 1857, Labelle was apparently highly regarded for more than three decades as a performer, teacher, expert on organs and pianos, and composer. The relative abundance of his compositions attests to his mastery of the art of music, but his creativity was confined within structures and forms that did little to foster it. His religious music opened no new vistas in Catholic liturgical music, which had not crystallized along clearly defined lines in the 19th century. His secular music certainly displays the ardent patriotism that was typical of many intellectuals of the time, but it was written for specific occasions and is conventional in style. Perhaps, along with men such as Charles-Gustave Smith, Paul Letondal, Moïse Saucier, Romain-Octave Pelletier*, and Guillaume Couture*, Labelle made his most significant contribution by actively participating in a general effort in Canada to raise the level of teaching in music. For this role he was eminently suited because of his gifts and his training.

Lucien Poirier