DOUAY, ANASTASE, priest, Recollet, naval chaplain; b. at La Quesnoy, in Hainaut, Belgium (now department of Nord, France); d. in Mexico.

We are familiar with only a part of the life of Anastase Douay, a Recollet of the ecclesiastical province of Saint-Antoine in Artois. His name is attached almost exclusively to the two expeditions which he made in Louisiana in search of the mouth of the Mississippi, the first with Cavelier* de La Salle (1684–1687), the second with Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville (1698–99).

Douay had the happy thought of making manuscript notes. He lost those of the first expedition in various shipwrecks, and those of the second were stolen from him, together with his breviary. Thanks to the historian Chrestien Le Clercq*, to whom he entrusted “a précis of what he was able to recover of them, for which the reader,” he said, “will perhaps be more grateful to me than if I composed it in my own style,” we have some precious information concerning La Salle’s expedition. Although the party, which originally comprised more than 320 persons, left La Rochelle on 24 July 1684, the chaplain’s account does not begin until 22 April 1686, when La Salle set out with some 20 companions to try to discover, by an overland route, the mouth of the Mississippi. Douay describes the little band’s eventful stay among the Cenis Indians, and on its return the triple murder, by Pierre Duhaut and his accomplices, of Crevel, de Moranget, La Salle’s nephew, Nika, a Shawnee hunter, and the explorer’s servant; he was present at the death of his leader, shot down by Duhaut, gave him absolution, and closed his eyes, burying him “as well as possible with a cross [which he placed] on his grave.”

Despite reservations that have been expressed as to the plausibility of Le Clercq’s account, we have no reason to maintain, as the envious Joutel has suggested, that he falsified Douay’s narration. As Douay was the sole eye-witness of the drama, his account remains more acceptable than those of Joutel, Gravier, or Hennepin, who copied it at the same time as they made bold to challenge it.

After La Salle’s death, Douay returned to Quebec on 27 July 1688, and on 20 August sailed for France to give an account of the facts to the Marquis de Seignelay [Colbert]. He remained in France, and Hennepin reports that he was vicar of the Recollet convent at Cambrai in 1698.

Far from casting any light on the Mississippi question, La Salle’s last expedition had given rise to new riddles. On 16 July 1698 Pontchartrain, minister of Marine, wrote to Bégon, the intendant at La Rochelle, that he was sending Father Anastase to him from Paris, to be chaplain of the Badine, a frigate which was accompanying the Marin: his previous experience might be of some help to Le Moyne d’Iberville, the leader of the new expedition which set out from La Rochelle on 5 September in search of the mouth of the Mississippi. Three months later, on 3 March 1699 to be exact, Douay “ [had] the joy” of saying mass and singing the Te Deum on sighting the river.

For the second time the chronicler Douay suffered a profound disappointment. On 24 or 31 March he was robbed of his scrip, which contained his breviary and a short handwritten account of all that had happened on the voyage. The religious thought that it had been stolen by an Indian who had embarked with him at Ommans. The next day he went to the Indians’ village to try to recover it. The chief, although indignant at the accusation made against one of his tribe, agreed to assemble all his people. In vain Father Anastase sought to move them by his tears; the breviary and the manuscript remained undiscovered, “which left him inconsolable.”

On 4 May 1699, in a petition addressed to the Sacred Congregation of the Propaganda, it was requested that Father Anastase Douay be given the powers of prefect apostolic for Louisiana. However, in April of the same year, Douay had refused Le Moyne d’Iberville’s invitation to remain at the new mission. Iberville wrote in the log-book of the Badine that Douay preferred to return to France and live for the rest of his life in his convent. Did Douay modify his decision after the official petition, and assume the high office of prefect apostolic? We have no document which can throw light on this question. Furthermore, we know nothing about the end of Father Anastase’s life. The necrology of the Recollets mentions only the place of his death: Mexico.

Jacques Valois

Découvertes et établissements des Français (Margry) IV, 70, 124, 125, 157, 169, 190, 235, 237f., 247, 273. Le Clercq, Premier établissement de la foy, II. J. G. Shea, Discovery and exploration of the Mississippi Valley . . . (New York, 1852), 197–229. Delanglez, French Jesuits in Louisiana. Frégault. Iberville, 264ff. Henry Harrisse, Notes pour servir à l’histoire, à la bibliographie et à la cartographie de la Nouvelle-France et des pays adjacents, 1545–1700 (Paris, 1872), 159, 163–65. O’Neill, Church and state in Louisiana. J. G. Shea, History of the Catholic Church in the United States (4v., New York, 1886–92), I, 340-51. “L’assassinat de Cavelier de La Salle,” BRH, XLIII (1937), 146-48. Viator, “La mort de Cavelier de La Salle,” BRH, III (1897), 175.