ALLAN, PETER JOHN, poet; b. 6 June 1825 in York, England, third son of Dr Colin Allan and Jane Gibbon; d. 21 Oct. 1848 in Fredericton.

Peter John Allan’s father was chief medical officer at Halifax before moving to Fredericton in 1836 upon his retirement. Growing up in Fredericton, Peter John briefly attended King’s College but left before completing his degree. He then turned to the study of law. About the same time, having taken up, as he put it, “the amiable foible of verse-making,” he began to publish his compositions in the New Brunswick Reporter and Fredericton Advertiser, a local newspaper published by James Hogg*, who was himself something of a poet. Encouraged by the reception of his verses and rather bored by his legal studies, Allan began to plan the publication of a volume of poetry. He solicited enough subscriptions to underwrite the cost of publication and had completed the manuscript when he died suddenly on 21 Oct. 1848 at Fredericton, following a brief illness. His poems were posthumously published in London in the summer of 1853 by his brother, and entitled The poetical remains of Peter John Allan.

In reviewing the book, the London Morning Post stated: “His poetry may not be the best imaginable; it may not indicate the very highest order of inspiration; it may not, with propriety, be described either as vehement, overpowering, passionate, or sublime, but it is touching and contemplative; gentle humane to the heart’s core; singularly sweet, elegant, and tender, and informed with a pure and lofty feeling.” The assessment is reasonably fair, perhaps generous, but naturally views Allan’s efforts in the light of British literary expectations rather than in the cultural context of mid-century New Brunswick. What was of passing interest to the British had a more telling effect on poetic activity in New Brunswick. At its best, Allan’s verse strikes a new note in Maritime poetry:

I hear thee in the bubbling flow of springs,
The lark’s ascending song of exultation,
The zephyr’s sighing through the evening air;
I hear thee – thou art nature unto me;
And every worldly hope or feverish care
Vanishes still before one dream of thee,
Whose love can conquer e’en the fierce despair
Of knowing that thou never mine canst be.

Influenced by the aesthetic concepts of the Romantic poets and especially by the style and versification of Lord Byron, Allan was able in his most effective poetry to break away from the moralistic attitudes and sentimental tone that had prevailed in locally written verse since the end of the 18th century. Allan was excited by the potential of man’s imagination, by the range of experience that imagination offered to human consciousness, and by the relationship between the natural world and ideal reality, which only the imagination opened to human awareness. In his best poems, Allan used this intense sensitivity to ideal reality to control the rush of emotion he felt when confronted with the sensual beauty of nature. This control gave an intellectual toughness to his verse that was missing in the verses of contemporary Maritime poets such as Joseph Howe* and Mary Jane Katzmann* (Lawson), who approached nature poetry by way of sentimentalism. The new note struck by Allan’s verse was probably noticed by few. It had an immediate if muted effect on James Hogg’s poetry, but it was not until the early verses of Charles George Douglas Roberts* and Bliss Carman* that once again intellectual perception and emotional sensitivity were to be found in so subtle a balance in the poetry of Maritime Canada.

Thomas B. Vincent

Peter John Allan is the author of The poetical remains of Peter John Allan, esq., late of Fredericton, New Brunswick, with a short biographical notice, ed. Henry Christmas, intro. J. M’G. Allan (London, 1853).

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Geneal. Soc. (Salt Lake City, Utah), International geneal. index. New-Brunswick Courier, 28 Oct. 1848. New Brunswick Reporter and Fredericton Advertiser, 1846–53, esp. 30 Sept. 1853 which quotes the Morning Post (London). DNB. L. M. Beckwith Maxwell, The River St. John and its poets ([Newcastle, N.B.], 1946).